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9.01.2011

Collocation-Ngữ đồng vị (Bạn cần biết )

Collocation là gì?

Theodịch nghĩa, Collocation /,kɔlə'keiʃn/: sự sắp xếp theo thứ tự. Một Collocation là haihoặc nhiều từ mà thường đi cùng với nhau, ghép với nhau theo đúng trật tự.
Những sự kết hợp này thường không có quy tắc chuẩn, mà theo sự nói tự nhiên củangười bản xứ. Ta nhìn ví dụ sau:

Natural English...
Unnatural English...
the fast train
fast food
the quick train
quick food
a quick shower
a quick meal
a fast shower
a fast meal

 Tiếng Việt
Lỗi dùng từ do sử dụng phương pháp dịch nghĩa
Tiếng Anh
Uống cà phê
Drink a coffee
Have a coffee
Đi nghỉ
Go holiday
Go on holiday
Ăn trưa
Eat lunch
Have lunch

        Tại sao cần học collocation? (chúng ta cứ coicollocation là một thuật ngữ)

·       Ngôn ngữ bạn nóisẽ trở nên tự nhiên và dễ hiểu hơn.

·       Bạn sẽ có nhiềusự lựa chọn và cách diễn đạt phong phú.

·       Thật dễ dàng chobộ não của bạn nhớ và sử dụng ngôn ngữ trong một cụm từ hơn là một từ đơn.
Họccollocation như thế nào?
Bởivì không có quy tắc chung cho một collocation nên theo ý kiến cá nhân chúng tachỉ còn cách nhớ và ghi nhớ thôi. :-d. Các bạn có thể tra từ điển ebookhoặc Software Oxford Collocation.
Các loại Collocation:
Cómột vài hình thức khác nhau được tạo thành từ sự kết hợp giữa động từ (Verb),danh từ (Noun) và tính từ (adjective). Có một số hình thức như sau:
1. adverb + adjective
  • Invading that country was an utterly stupid thing to do.
  • We entered a richly decorated room.
  • Are you fully aware of the implications of your action?
2. adjective + noun
  • The doctor ordered him to take regular exercise.
  • The Titanic sank on its maiden voyage.
  • He was writhing on the ground in excruciating pain.
3. noun + noun
  • Let's give Mr Jones a round of applause.
  • The ceasefire agreement came into effect at 11am.
  • I'd like to buy two bars of soap please.
4. noun + verb
  • The lion started to roar when it heard the dog barking.
  • Snow was falling as our plane took off.
  • The bomb went off when he started the car engine.
5. verb + noun
  • The prisoner was hanged for committing murder.
  • I always try to do my homework in the morning, after making my bed.
  • He has been asked to give a presentation about his work.
6. verb + expression withpreposition
  • We had to return home because we had run out of money.
  • At first her eyes filled with horror, and then she burst into tears.
  • Their behaviour was enough to drive anybody to crime.
7. verb + adverb
  • She placed her keys gently on the table and sat down.
  • Mary whispered softly in John's ear.
  • I vaguely remember that it was growing dark when we left.
Mộtsố Collocation thường gặp:
have
do
make
have a bath
have a drink
have a good time
have a haircut
have a holiday
have a problem
have a relationship
have a rest
have lunch
have sympathy
do business
do nothing
do someone a favour
do the cooking
do the housework
do the shopping
do the washing up
do your best
do your hair
do your homework
make a difference
make a mess
make a mistake
make a noise
make an effort
make furniture
make money
make progress
make room
make trouble
take
break
catch
take a break
take a chance
take a look
take a rest
take a seat
take a taxi
take an exam
take notes
take someone's place
take someone's temperature
break a habit
break a leg
break a promise
break a record
break a window
break someone's heart
break the ice
break the law
break the news to someone
break the rules
catch a ball
catch a bus
catch a chill
catch a cold
catch a thief
catch fire
catch sight of
catch someone's attention
catch someone's eye
catch the flu
pay
save
keep
pay a fine
pay attention
pay by credit card
pay cash
pay interest
pay someone a compliment
pay someone a visit
pay the bill
pay the price
pay your respects
save electricity
save energy
save money
save one's strength
save someone a seat
save someone's life
save something to a disk
save space
save time
save yourself the trouble
keep a diary
keep a promise
keep a secret
keep an appointment
keep calm
keep control
keep in touch
keep quiet
keep someone's place
keep the change
come
go
get
come close
come complete with
come direct
come early
come first
come into view
come last
come late
come on time
come prepared
come right back
come second
come to a compromise
come to a decision
come to an agreement
come to an end
come to a standstill
come to terms with
come to a total of
come under attack
go abroad
go astray
go bad
go bald
go bankrupt
go blind
go crazy
go dark
go deaf
go fishing
go mad
go missing
go on foot
go online
go out of business
go overseas
go quiet
go sailing
go to war
go yellow
get a job
get a shock
get angry
get divorced
get drunk
get frightened
get home
get lost
get married
get nowhere
get permission
get pregnant
get ready
get started
get the impression
get the message
get the sack
get upset
get wet
get worried

Hỗntạp nhiều từ:
Time
Business English
Classifiers
bang on time
dead on time
early 12th century
free time
from dawn till dusk
great deal of time
late 20th century
make time for
next few days
past few weeks
right on time
run out of time
save time
spare time
spend some time
take your time
tell someone the time
time goes by
time passes
waste time
annual turnover
bear in mind
break off negotiations
cease trading
chair a meeting
close a deal
close a meeting
come to the point
dismiss an offer
draw a conclusion
draw your attention to
launch a new product
lay off staff
go bankrupt
go into partnership
make a loss
make a profit
market forces
sales figures
take on staff
a ball of string
a bar of chocolate
a bottle of water
a bunch of carrots
a cube of sugar
a pack of cards
a pad of paper

Do or MakeCollocations Quiz

1
What do you  for a living?
2
Have you  your homework already?
3
My husband  the grocery shopping.
4
Amber  badly on her geography exam.
5
The children  a mess in the kitchen.
6
We are having guests tonight, so please  your bed.
7
I only  one mistake in my English test.
8
I have to ask you to  me a favour.
9
Have you and your friend  a decision yet?
10
Please excuse me while I  a phonecall.

Time CollocationsQuiz

1
He arrived exactly at 11am,  on time.
2
What do you do in your  time?
3
We couldn't finish because we  time.
4
If we take this short cut we'll  some time.
5
I  time, and now doth time waste me. (Shakespeare)
6
There have been several burglaries in the  weeks.
7
The Internet was developed in the  century.
8
They have no time. They work  dusk.
9
You'll forget it  by.
10
Can you  for me this weekend?

Các bạn có thể xem trực tuyến bài giảng khá hay của cô Vũ Thị Mai Phương  tại địa chỉ:
http://luyenthi.hoc360.vn/movieplayer/movie.asp?title=ngu-dong-vi-collocation&oder=&g=442&l=442&ml=&ms_step=121000001 
(Lưu ý: Bài giảng video chỉ xem được trên Internet Explorer )
 ( Dịch từ 
http://www.englishclub.com)

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